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Basa remambure ezvipembenene:
Citrus ndiwo muti mukuru wemichero unogara wakasvibira pasi rose.Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kushandiswa kwemambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya zvipembenene, iyo inobatsira mukusimudzira kurima kwezvakatipoteredza uye ndiyo imwe yetekinoroji yakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvekurima zvisina kusvibiswa.Mambure ekudzivirira mambure anogona kushandiswa kudzivirira chando, mvura inonaya, kudonha kwemichero, zvipembenene neshiri, nezvimwewo. Panguva imwecheteyo, inogona kuve nechokwadi chegoho uye kunaka kwemichero uye kuwedzera hupfumi.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kufukidzwa kwezvipembenene zvekudzivirira zvipembenene kunogona kuve mhando nyowani yekurimwa kwemiti yemichero.
Basa guru rekuvhara mambure ezvipembenene
1. Vhara zvipenyu zvekunze
Zvinoenderana nekukura kwepaburi rayo, mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene kudzivirira zvipukanana zvekunze anogona kuita basa guru mukuvharisa tumbuyu, shiri nemakonzo zvinokuvadza zvirimwa.Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwekuchinja kwekudyara nekurima, kuvandudzwa kwemhando uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze, mhando, kugovera uye kukuvadzwa kwezvipembenene zvecitrus zvakachinjawo saizvozvo.Zvichiri zvipembenene, zvipembenene zvescale, whiteflies, aphid uye mashizha emigodhi.Mumakore achangopfuura, kukuvadzwa kunokonzerwa necanker munzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba kwekugadzira kwave kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Tekinoroji yekuvharisa zvipembenene ndiyo imwe yematanho akakosha ekuita mbesa isina hutachiona kubereka kwecitrus nemimwe miti yemichero.Inonyanya kushandiswa kudzora kuitika uye kupararira kwezvipembenene zvinotakura utachiona zvakadai semacitrus aphid uye citrus psyllids, kuitira kuti kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwakachengeteka kwembeu isina hutachiona yemiti yemichero.Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti huwandu hwema psyllids, dandemutande dzvuku uye mashizha emugodhi mukamuri yemambure idiki zvakanyanya pane iyo iri kunze pasi pemamiriro e40 mesh kudzora mambure, zvichiratidza kuti mambure ezvipembenene anogona kushandiswa senzira inoshanda yekuderedza. kuwanda kwezvipembenene zvecitrus.
Chirwere chekudzivirira chekudzivirira kwezvipembenene zvinonyanya kuratidzwa mukuparadzaniswa kwenzira dzehutachiona hwehutachiona, kugadzirwa kwezvinodhaka uye kupinda kwezvipembenene zvine chepfu, kuitira kuti zvinyatsodzivisa uye kuderedza kuonekwa uye kukuvadza kwezvipembenene zvevanhu vakuru.Kusvika padanho rakati, rinogona kutadzisa kuitika kwezvimwe zvirwere zvebhakitiriya uye fungal (senge anthracnose).Canker chirwere chinotapukira chiri chechipiri kuHuanglongbing mukudyara kwecitrus.Nzira dzayo dzehutachiona dzinonyanya kukamurwa kuita mhepo, mvura, kutapurirana kwevanhu uye zvipembenene.Senzvimbo yakasununguka yakasununguka, mambure ezvipembenene haangobatsiri kuderedza artificial Kuwanda kwekutapurirana, uye nokuti nzira huru yekufambisa yekupinda kwezvipembenene zvehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunoparadzaniswa, kutapurirwa kwecanker pathogens kunoderedzwa zvikuru.Muedzo wekuenzanisa pakati pemambure nenzvimbo yakashama yakaratidza kuti chiitiko chechirwere chegomarara chakasiyana neinopfuura 80% pakati pemacitrus akadyarwa mumambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene nenzvimbo yakavhurika yekudzivirira pasina mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene.
2. Kuvandudza tembiricha uye chiedza mumambure
Kuvhara mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene kunogona kuderedza kusimba kwechiedza, kugadzirisa tembiricha yevhu uye tembiricha yemhepo uye hunyoro, uye panguva imwe chete, inogona kuderedza kunaya mukamuri yemambure, kuderedza kubuda kwemvura mukamuri remambure, uye kuderedza kubuda kwemashizha ecitrus.Citrus chirimwa chiri chemhuri yeRutaceae.Inofarira mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye ane mwando uye ine simba rekudzivirira kutonhora.Muti wemichero wemuchero unopisa uye wepasi pevhu.Kukura uye kukura kwayo, kutumbuka uye kubereka kwakabatana zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze akadai sekushisa, kupenya kwezuva, hunyoro, ivhu, mhepo, urefu uye nzvimbo.zvine chekuita.Citrus chirimwa chesemi-negative uye chine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekuenderana nechiedza chezuva.Kusimba kwechiedza ndeye 10,000-40,000 lx, uye maawa ekupenya kwezuva kwepagore anenge maawa 1,000-2,700, ayo anogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvekukura zvecitrus.

Chiedza chakapararira chinobatsira kukwidziridza photosynthesis, asi yakanyanya kusimba mwenje wakananga kazhinji haikodzeri kukura kwecitrus, uye zviri nyore kukonzera kupisa kwemichero nemapazi nemashizha.Mushure mekuvhara mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene, tembiricha yemukati memhepo yemambure pasi pemhando yega yega yemamiriro ekunze yaive yakakwira kupfuura iyo yekudzora panguva yakanyorwa.Kunyange zvazvo tembiricha dzakakwirira uye dzakaderera muimba yemambure dzaive dzakakwirira kudarika dzekutonga, kuwedzera kwakanga kusiri pachena, zvichiratidza kuti mhedzisiro yekuvharisa mambure ezvipembenene yaive diki.Panguva imwecheteyo, maererano nekunyorova, mushure mekuvhara mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene, hunyoro hwemhepo yemukati mumambure yakakwirira kudarika iyo yekutonga, pakati peiyo hunyoro ndiyo yakanyanya kwazvo mumazuva ekunaya, asi mutsauko. ndiye muduku uye wedzero idukusa.Mushure mekunge hunyoro huri mukamuri remambure hwawedzerwa, kufambisa kwemashizha ecitrus kunogona kuderedzwa.Mvura inokanganisa budiriro yemuchero kuburikidza nekunaya uye hunyoro hwemhepo.Kana zvinhu zveecological zvakanakira kukura nekukura kwemichero, mhando yemuchero yakanaka.
3. Kudzivirirwa kweHuanglongbing
Parizvino, Huanglongbing chave chirwere chakakomba chiri kukanganisa kusimukira uye kurongeka kweindasitiri yemacitrus yepasi rose.MuSouth China, zvisati zvaitika zvitsva mukudzivirira nekudzora tekinoroji yeHuanglongbing, kutonga kwe psyllids kwave chinhu chakakosha mukudzora kupararira kweHuanglongbing nekuda kwedunhu rehupfumi uye budiriro yemagariro, orchard management mode, uye chimiro uye kunaka kwevashandi vekumaruwa.Psyllids ndiyo yega yeakasikwa transmission vector yeHuanglongbing, saka kudzivirira uye kutonga kwe psyllids kunonyanya kukosha.Citrus psyllid ine kutapurirana kwechirwere chepamusoro (chiyero chekutapurira kwechirwere chepfungwa imwe chete i70% kusvika 80%), kugona kutama uye nekukasika kubereka, uye yakagadzira kusawirirana nemishonga yezvipembenene… ndiyo imwe yenzira dzinoshanda dzekudzivirira nekudzora Huanglongbing.
4. Kudzivirira kudonha kwezvibereko
Muzhizha reSouth China, kune njodzi dzakawanda dzemeteorological dzakadai semvura zhinji uye madutu.Kana mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene akashandiswa kuvhara, anogona kuderedza kudonha kwemichero kunokonzerwa nedutu remvura, kunyanya munguva yekudonha michero.Mhedzisiro yekudzivirira kudonha kwemichero inonyanya kuoneka.Mhedzisiro yekuedza kwaFan Shulei nevamwe yakaratidza kuti kurapwa kwekuvhara mambure ezvipembenene kunogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya muchero wekutengesa uye kuderedza zvakanyanya kudonha kwemichero.
5, musika wepamusoro wepamusoro, kuchengetedza macitrus
Mumambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene, chitubu chinotora mangwanani, guvhu reorenji phenotype iri mazuva mashanu kusvika manomwe apfuura, uye muchero mutsva uri mazuva manomwe kusvika gumi apfuura, uye mwaka wepamusoro unodedera, izvo zvinogona kuwedzera mari yevarimi vemichero. gadzira kukosha kwepamusoro.Kuvhara mambure neimwe bhaisikopo kunogona kuwedzera tembiricha mushedhi ne2 kusvika 3 °C, kurebesa nguva yekupihwa yemichero mitsva, kuona misika yemusika, uye kudzivirira kurasikirwa kusingakoshi nekuda kwenguva yepamusoro.
6, pekugara, isingapindi mhepo
Mambure ekudzivirira zvipembenene ane mambure madiki uye simba remuchanicha rakakwirira, saka ane mhedzisiro yakanaka yekudzivirira kukukurwa kwemhepo nedutu remvura.Mukugadzirwa, nekuda kwemhepo yakanyanyisa, iyo furemu zvinhu uye miti yemichero inowanzoshambidzwa.Kuvhara nemambure etwumbuyu makumi maviri neshanu kunogona kuderedza kumhanya kwemhepo ne15% kusvika 20%, uye kushandisa 30 mesh kunogona kuderedza kumhanya kwemhepo ne20% kusvika 25%.Chimvuramabwe nekunaya kwemvura muzhizha zvinokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwemiti yemichero.Kuvhara nemambure asingapindi tumbuyu kunogona kudzivirira chimvuramabwe kubva pakukanganisa miti yemichero uye kuderedza simba rekunaya kwemvura.Mushure mokunaya kwemvura, mamiriro okunze anongoerekana apenya zvakare, kutonhora kunokwira, uye unyoro hwezvirimwa husina kuenzana zvakanyanya, izvo zvinowanzokonzera midzi yakaora.Iko kuvharidzirwa kwezvipembenene-zvipembenene kunogona kudzivirira kukurumidza kuchinja kwekushisa kwe microclimate mushedhi uye kuderedza kukuvadza kusina kunanga kwekunaya kwemvura uye kwezuva.